Columbine

PERENNIAL

Spring/summer/bloom
Frost hardy

TO START EARLY INDOORS

In early spring, 6 to 8 weeks before last expected frost date, sow seeds 1 inch apart in seed starting mix. Cover 1/8 inch deep, keep moist and provide a strong light source until seedlings are ready to plant outdoors. Be patient; these small perennial seeds germinate slowly in 14 to 21 days. Once seedlings are large enough to handle, transplant 2 to 3 inches apart into a deeper container so root systems have room to develop. Feed every 2 weeks with half-strength fertilizer. When plants are 2 to 3 inches tall, gradually acclimate to outdoor conditions and plant 12 inches apart in fertile, well-drained soil in sun or partial shade.

TO START OUTDOORS

Sow seeds in fine textured, well-drained soil when danger of frost is past. Space seeds 2 to 3 inches apart, cover 1/4 inch deep and gently firm soil. Keep evenly moist. When seedlings are well-established, thin 12 to 18 inches apart.

GROWING NOTES

Perennial Columbines sown indoors in January will bloom the same year. Seeds sown later, any time until mid-summer, will establish themselves to bloom the following spring. In hot summer areas, plant in partial shade. Where summers are moderate, plant in full sun. Columbines thrive in moist, fertile soil.